|
The Barack Obama "Hope" poster is an image of Barack Obama designed by artist Shepard Fairey, which was widely described as iconic and came to represent his 2008 presidential campaign.〔"(Copyright battle over Obama image )", BBC News, February 5, 2009. Retrieved February 22, 2009.〕 It consists of a stylized stencil portrait of Obama in solid red, beige and (light and dark) blue, with the word "progress", "hope" or "change" below (and other words in some versions). The design was created in one day and printed first as a poster. Fairey sold 350 of the posters on the street immediately after printing them. It was then more widely distributed—both as a digital image and other paraphernalia—during the 2008 election season, initially independently but with the approval of the official Obama campaign. The image became one of the most widely recognized symbols of Obama's campaign message, spawning many variations and imitations, including some commissioned by the Obama campaign. This led ''The Guardian's'' Laura Barton to proclaim that the image "acquired the kind of instant recognition of Jim Fitzpatrick's Che Guevara poster, and is surely set to grace T-shirts, coffee mugs and the walls of student bedrooms in the years to come."〔(Hope - the Image that is Already an American Classic ) by Laura Barton, ''The Guardian'', November 10, 2008〕 In January 2009, after Obama had won the election, Fairey's mixed-media stenciled portrait version of the image was acquired by the Smithsonian Institution for its National Portrait Gallery. Later in January 2009, the photograph on which Fairey based the poster was revealed: an April 2006 shot by former Associated Press freelance photographer Mannie Garcia. In response to claims by the Associated Press for compensation, Fairey sued for a declaratory judgment that his poster was a fair use of the original photograph. The parties settled out of court in January 2011, with details of the settlement remaining confidential. On February 24, 2012, Fairey pled guilty in a New York federal court to destroying and fabricating documents during his legal battle with the Associated Press. Fairey had sued the news service in 2009 after it claimed that the famous poster was based on one of its photos. Fairey claimed that he used a different photograph for the poster. But he admitted that, in fact, he was wrong and tried to hide the error by destroying documents and manufacturing others, which is the source of the one count of criminal contempt to which he pled guilty.〔(Creator of popular Obama ‘HOPE’ poster pleads to criminal contempt charge in NYC )〕 In September, Fairey was sentenced to two years of probation, 300 hours of community service, and a fine of $25,000. In 2009 Fairey's Obama portrait was featured in the book ''Art For Obama: Designing Manifest Hope and the Campaign for Change'' which Fairey also edited.〔(LA Weekly )〕〔(Obeythegiant.com )〕 In an interview with ''Esquire '' in 2015 Fairey said that Obama had not lived up, "not even close", to his expectations. He continued, "Obama has had a really tough time, but there have been a lot of things that he's compromised on that I never would have expected. I mean, drones and domestic spying are the last things I would have thought (support )."〔(Shepard Fairey on the Future of Political Art and Whether Obama Lived Up to His 'Hope' Poster )〕 == Concept and design == Shepard Fairey, who had created earlier political street art critical of government and of George W. Bush, discussed the nascent Obama campaign with publicist Yosi Sergant in late October 2007. Sergant suggested Fairey create some art in support of Obama. Sergant contacted the Obama campaign to seek its permission for Fairey to design an Obama poster, which was granted a few weeks before Super Tuesday. Fairey has said that his decision to create a portrait of Obama stemmed from Fairey's feeling that Obama's "power and sincerity as a speaker would create a positive association with his likeness."〔 Fairey found a photograph of Obama using Google Image Search (eventually revealed to be an April 2006 photo by freelancer Mannie Garcia for The Associated Press)〔(Mannie Garcia ) website〕〔 and created the original poster design in a single day. The original image had the word "" and featured Fairey's signature star—a symbol associated with his ''Andre the Giant Has a Posse'' street art campaign—embedded in the Obama campaign's sunrise logo.〔Ben Arnon, "(How the Obama "Hope" Poster Reached a Tipping Point and Became a Cultural Phenomenon: An Interview With the Artist Shepard Fairey )", ''Huffington Post'', October 13, 2009. Retrieved January 17, 2009.〕 Due to the Obama campaign’s concerns about the troublesome connotations of the original wording, Fairey changed the slogan printed under Obama’s image from "" to "." According to design writer Steven Heller, the poster was inspired by Social Realism and, while widely praised as original and unique, can be seen as part of a long tradition of contemporary artists drawing inspiration from political candidates and producing "posters that break the mold not only in terms of color and style but also in message and tone."〔Steven Heller, "(Beyond Red, White and Blue )", ''Campaign Stops Blog'', ''The New York Times'', February 15, 2008. Retrieved February 21, 2009.〕 Fairey has said, "My historical inspiration was the well-known JFK portrait where he is posed in a three-quarters view looking slightly upward and out into the distance. The image of Lincoln on the five-dollar bill has a similar feel."〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Barack Obama "Hope" poster」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|